The Relevance of the Khulafaur Rasyidin’s Principles of Justice to Leadership Ethics in the Digital Era

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relevance of the Khulafaur Rasyidin’s principles of justice to leadership ethics in the digital era, particularly in the use of social media, the formation of public perceptions, and leadership accountability. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design through a literature review and direct interviews with six participants, consisting of three women and three men. The interviews were conducted on October 2-4, 2026, focusing on the understanding of justice, the influence of social media popularity, the leadership values of the Khulafaur Rasyidin, and ethical communication between leaders and the public. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that justice, honesty, trustworthiness, responsibility, openness to criticism, and equal treatment remain relevant foundations for contemporary leadership ethics. The interviews also reveal that a leader’s popularity on social media cannot serve as the primary measure of justice, as a digital image does not necessarily reflect actual policies and actions. Nevertheless, social media can facilitate access to information, accommodate public aspirations, and support transparency and public oversight when used responsibly. The novelty of this study lies in connecting the principles of justice upheld by the Khulafaur Rasyidin with public assessments of leadership through social media, particularly in distinguishing digital popularity from justice demonstrated through actual policies and public services. This study emphasizes that ethical leadership must be grounded in moral integrity, fair policies, honest communication, and accountability that can be demonstrated to the public.