The 5E Waqf Sustainability Framework from the Waqf Business Model (WBM)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58764/j.prwkl.2026.4.199Keywords:
waqf, waqf business model, institutional development, socioeconomic, value creationAbstract
Aim: This study aims to conceptualize the sustainability dimensions embedded in the Waqf Business Model (WBM) and develop the 5E Sustainability Framework as an integrated conceptualization of how waqf-based economic activities can achieve long-term sustainability. Building on the WBM perspective, the study examines sustainability not merely as an organizational outcome but as an underlying institutional and business-model architecture. Method: The study adopts a conceptual research approach based on literature-based conceptual synthesis and analytical abstraction. Relevant literature on waqf, Waqf Business Model, sustainable business models, social business, governance, and value creation is examined to identify recurring sustainability mechanisms within WBM. These mechanisms are categorized, abstracted, and integrated into a coherent conceptual framework. Results: The analysis identifies five interconnected sustainability dimensions: Endowed Capital Base, Economic Institutional Mechanism, Ethical Governance Structure, Economic Ecosystem Integration, and Enrichment and Value Creation. The framework conceptualizes a sustainability logic in which endowed capital provides the foundational resource base, economic mechanisms activate productive value, ethical governance safeguards institutional integrity, ecosystem integration connects waqf with broader economic and social resources, and enrichment and value creation generate continuous economic, social, and environmental benefits. Conclusion/Novelty/Implication: The study proposes the 5E Sustainability Framework as a conceptual extension of WBM. Its novelty lies in positioning endowed capital preservation, ethical governance, and ecosystem integration as integral dimensions of sustainability alongside economic and societal value creation. The framework provides a foundation for further comparative analysis, measurement development, and empirical validation of sustainable waqf and social business models.
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