AL-IMAM: Journal on Islamic Studies, Civilization and Learning Societies
International multidisciplinary journal on Islamic Studies, Civilization and Learning Societies. This journal is a 2nd generation publication published by IDRIS Darulfunun Institute (published before under the same name in the 1920s). The ultimate objective of this journal is to disseminate knowledge in Islamic studies, civilization (history and literature) and learning societies (education and science)... About journal • insight • editorial team • APC • indexing
Marca España as a Nation Branding Instrument of Spain To Deal With Economic Crisis
Economic crisis in Spain in 2008 has degraded of the country in a considerable manner, particularly in terms of its market competitiveness at global level. In order to recover the image, in 2012 Spain formulated an initiative, namely Marca España or Spain Brand. This study seeks to analyze the extent to which Marca España has contributed to nation-branding of Spain during 2012 to 2018. The roles of stakeholders, as well as the collaboration among the parties are focus of the discussion. Aside from the analysis, this research provides a comprehensive understanding on the emergence of Marca España as a strategic response of Spain towards domestic economic crisis, as well as towards challenges in terms of image of the country at the global stage. The study also identifies strategic measures and coordination under Marca España. This includes discussion of the actions meant to boost Spain’s international reputation, underlining the significance of multi-stakeholder collaboration in producing cohesive and sustainable achievements. This study explores Spain's nation-branding strategy through the Marca España initiative by using a qualitative method based on literature review. In this context, this study identifies the roles and contributions of stakeholders organized within the Fully Inclusive Stakeholder or FIST framework developed by Keith Dinnie. Furthermore, it examines the forms of cross-sector collaboration that serve as key elements in achieving the goal of building a positive international image for Spain.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fauzana Fathin, Muhammad Farid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating Canva into Elementary Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) Learning: A Qualitative Study of Interactivity, Visual Understanding, and Implementation Barriers
This study examines how Canva is integrated into elementary Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning, how the integration shapes interactivity and visual understanding, and what barriers emerge in classroom implementation. A descriptive qualitative design was employed in Grade 5 at SDIT Ulul Albaab. Primary data were generated through semi-structured interviews with one IPAS teacher and two Grade 5C pupils who had direct experience with Canva-supported learning and an Interactive Flat Panel (IFP). Clean-verbatim transcripts were analysed through coding, category development, cross-source comparison, and thematic interpretation. The findings show that Canva was not used as a stand-alone medium; it was combined with teacher explanation, prompting questions, quizzes, discussion, problem-based learning, hands-on activities, a water-cycle diorama project, and assessment. Interactivity emerged mainly from the teacher’s orchestration of activities and feedback rather than from application features alone. Visual representations supported conceptual understanding, but the benefit was not uniform: some pupils still required repetition, slower pacing, and additional explanation. Implementation was supported by IFP availability, internet access, teacher experience, digital resources, and pupils’ technological familiarity, while barriers included preparation time, attention differences, presentation pace, display readability, slide control, classroom conditions, and network dependence. The study contributes an implementation-oriented perspective by positioning interactivity as a pedagogical practice and Canva as a selectively integrated component of multimodal learning rather than an automatically effective technology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putra Muhammad Muhtadi, Dian Kusumawati, Mar’atul Faida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Maqasid al-Wahy and Waqf-Based Scientific Research Funding: Toward a Sustainable Framework for Knowledge Production and Human Development
Scientific research is central to knowledge advancement, innovation, human wellbeing, and civilizational development, yet many research systems face persistent challenges of inadequate and unsustainable funding, institutional capacity, and research autonomy. Historically, waqf supported educational institutions, libraries, healthcare, and scholarly activities, but its potential as a contemporary mechanism for sustainable scientific research remains insufficiently explored. This study examines the potential integration of Maq??id al-Wa?y and waqf-based funding as an institutional framework for sustainable scientific research and knowledge production. A qualitative conceptual and analytical approach was employed through a critical review of classical and contemporary Islamic scholarship on Maq??id al-Wa?y, waqf, Islamic philanthropy, and contemporary research and innovation systems. The findings indicate that waqf can serve as a sustainable and complementary source of research funding when supported by effective governance, professional management, transparent allocation mechanisms, and clearly defined developmental objectives. The study consequently proposes a Maq??id al-Wa?y–Waqf Research Funding Framework for supporting interdisciplinary research in areas such as artificial intelligence, health sciences, environmental sustainability, biotechnology, digital technologies, and education. The framework emphasizes collaboration among researchers, universities, research institutions, policymakers, philanthropists, religious organizations, industry, and communities. The study contributes conceptually by repositioning waqf from predominantly charitable expenditure toward long-term social investment in knowledge production and innovation, while providing a revelation-centred ethical orientation for research directed toward human wellbeing and sustainable development. As a conceptual study, the framework requires empirical validation through future institutional, comparative, and field-based research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulaihat Mohammed Yakubu, Adamu Abubakar Muhammad, Ahmad Babikir, Asmau Muhammad Saad, Ibrahim Isa Bello, Shaaban Idris Abdullahi, Bilyaminu Yusuf, Abdullah A. Afifi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Judicial Legal Reasoning in Granting Permission for Polygamy: A Case Study of Bukittinggi Religious Court Decision No. 575/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Bkt."
This study aims to analyze the legal reasoning employed by judges in granting permission for polygamy in the Decision of the Bukittinggi Religious Court Number 575/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Bkt. The research focuses on the judges' interpretation of the legal provisions governing polygamy, their considerations in assessing the first wife's consent, the applicant's financial capability, and personal character, as well as the forms of rechtsvinding (judicial law-finding) and legal reasoning applied in the decision-making process. This research adopts a qualitative approach using a case study design. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with the judge who examined and decided the case, while secondary data were collected from the court decision, statutory regulations, the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam), and relevant scholarly literature. Data were collected through interviews, document analysis, and library research, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which consists of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the judges' legal reasoning was not limited to the literal application of statutory provisions but involved systematic, teleological, and sociological interpretation by considering the facts established during the trial, the principles of justice, public benefit (maslahah), and the protection of wives and children. The first wife's consent was not regarded as the sole basis for granting permission for polygamy but was evaluated alongside the applicant's financial capacity, responsibility, and personal integrity. Financial capability was assessed contextually without applying a fixed income threshold, while the applicant's character was evaluated through evidence concerning moral conduct, responsibility, and social behavior. The study concludes that the judges' reasoning reflects the implementation of rechtsvinding by integrating legal certainty, justice, and expediency to produce decisions that prioritize family protection and substantive justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rifan Saputra, Nurus Shalihin, Elfia Elfia, Aulia Rahmat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Contextual Theology in the Pergi Tepat Tradition of the Panai Ethnic Community: The Relationship between Humans, Ancestors, and God in Pesisir Selatan Regency
Grave pilgrimage remains an integral part of community life in various regions of Indonesia. However, this practice often gives rise to differing perspectives, as it is understood as a form of cultural heritage, a religious practice, or even a tradition considered to be inconsistent with religious teachings. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Pergi Tepat tradition, analyze the relationship between humans, ancestors, and God, and examine it through the perspective of Stephen B. Bevans' contextual theology among the Panai community in Silaut District, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This research employed a qualitative descriptive field research approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that Pergi Tepat is a hereditary grave pilgrimage tradition carried out through a series of customary rituals that embody respect for ancestors, social solidarity, and religious values. The study also found that the tradition constructs a triadic relationship among humans, ancestors, and God, in which ancestors are understood as symbolic mediators who remind the community of their history and identity, while God remains the ultimate focus of all prayers, hopes, and expressions of faith. Stephen B. Bevans' contextual theology demonstrates that culture serves as the context in which faith is understood, experienced, and expressed through the lived experiences of the community. Therefore, the Pergi Tepat tradition represents an expression of contextual theology that integrates local culture, respect for ancestors, and devotion to God in the religious life of the Panai community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yani Purnama Sari, Muallim Lubis Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening Critical and Ethical Reasoning through the Socratic Dialogue Method Based on the Epistemology of Islamic Philosophy in Madrasah Aliyah, Agam Regency
Strengthening critical and ethical reasoning has become a strategic necessity in Madrasah Aliyah education amid increasing social complexity and information disruption. Learning practices at MAN 2 Agam, MAS MTI Ghobah, and MAS Mu’allimin Sawah Dangka remain predominantly characterized by normative and factual approaches, thereby limiting opportunities for reflective dialogue. This article examines the effectiveness of a reflective, dialogical, and participatory Islamic philosophy approach in enhancing students' reasoning abilities. The study employs Participatory Action Research (PAR), encompassing the stages of problem identification, strategy design, implementation of dialogical problem-posing classrooms, and continuous reflection. The intervention was carried out through Islamic philosophy workshops, Socratic dialogue, and the integration of exploratory and evaluative questioning. Students' participation in classroom discussions demonstrated more active and purposeful engagement, accompanied by an improved ability to construct rational arguments in a more systematic manner. The dialogical process was characterized not only by the exchange of ideas but also by the emergence of ethical considerations in every response expressed by the participants. Meanwhile, teachers' instructional practices underwent a noticeable transformation, particularly in their questioning techniques, which shifted from one-way transmission toward analytical and reflective exploration. These findings indicate that the Islamic philosophy approach is capable of fostering a meaningful and functional integration of rationality and morality within madrasah learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muallim Lubis, Asrul Harahap, Andri Umar Saleh Lubis, Iqbal Rizkyka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategies of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Implementing Students' Noble Character
This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in implementing students’ noble character (akhlak mulia), describe the implementation of affective learning in fostering students’ moral development, and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors encountered in the process at MTs Al Qodiri IV Jember. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving the principal, Islamic Religious Education teachers, homeroom teachers, and students. The collected data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that PAI teachers implement noble character education through exemplary behavior (uswah hasanah), religious habituation, advice (mau'idzah hasanah), and persuasive supervision. The implementation of affective learning reflects Thomas Lickona’s three dimensions of character education, namely moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral action, which are integrated into classroom instruction and religious school culture. Supporting factors include the pesantren-based environment, teachers’ commitment, and religious habituation programs, whereas inhibiting factors consist of digital media influence, peer pressure, and students’ diverse family backgrounds. This study contributes to the development of character education by presenting an adaptive strategy for integrating affective learning with Islamic values in a pesantren-based formal school, thereby enriching the discourse on Islamic character education in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ira Safira, Khoiril Akhbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Visual-Based Information Technology as a Predictor of Islamic Religious Education Learning in the Merdeka Curriculum
Digital technologies are increasingly used to support student-centered instruction under Indonesia's Merdeka Curriculum, yet quantitative evidence from Islamic Religious Education (IRE) remains limited. This study examined the association between visual-based information technology and IRE learning. A cross-sectional explanatory survey involved 40 participants (33 students and 7 IRE teachers) purposively selected from one public junior secondary school. Two eight-item questionnaires used a four-point Likert scale, and internal consistency was acceptable for visual-based information technology (Cronbach's ? = 0.799) and IRE learning (? = 0.778). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, assumption tests, a two-tailed Pearson correlation with 5,000-sample bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapping, and simple linear regression. Mean scores were 23.80 (SD = 5.85) for visual-based information technology and 24.15 (SD = 5.66) for IRE learning. Regression residuals were normally distributed (W = 0.959, p = 0.150), and no significant deviation from linearity was detected, F(16, 22) = 1.545, p = 0.170. A strong positive correlation was found, r = 0.861, p < 0.001, BCa 95% CI [0.764, 0.929]. Visual-based information technology significantly predicted IRE learning, B = 0.833, SE = 0.080, ? = 0.861, t = 10.454, p < 0.001, explaining 74.2% of the variance (R² = 0.742). The findings indicate a substantial association, but causal interpretation is limited by the single-school, cross-sectional, self-report design.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wulandari Wulandari, Mujiburrohman Mujiburrohman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Instilling spiritual intelligence values through Duha prayer and Juzz Amma activities in grade 4 of Nurul Chotib Islamic Elementary School.
This study aims to analyze the process of instilling spiritual intelligence values through the implementation of Duha prayer and Juz Amma activities among fourth-grade students at Sekolah Dasar Islam Nurul Chotib. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving the principal, an Islamic Religious Education teacher, and fourth-grade students selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that spiritual intelligence values are developed through three main processes: habituation, teacher guidance, and exemplary behavior. The Duha prayer activity fosters discipline, responsibility, independence, obedience, and awareness of worship, whereas the Juz Amma activity develops students' love for the Qur'an, patience, perseverance, commitment, and self-control. The implementation of these religious activities contributes to strengthening students' spiritual awareness and religious character through continuous practice in the school environment. This study implies that structured religious habituation can serve as an effective strategy for strengthening spiritual character in Islamic elementary schools. The originality of this study lies in its specific focus on integrating Duha prayer and Juz Amma activities as complementary media for cultivating spiritual intelligence among fourth-grade students. Keywords: spiritual intelligence, Duha prayer, Juz Amma, religious habituation, character education, Islamic elementary school
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Nur Amalia, Khoiril Akhbar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Islamic Moral Development of Students in the Era of Globalization: A Case Study at Nurul Chotib Islamic Boarding School, Academic Year 2025/2026
This study aims to analyze the process of students' moral development at Nurul Chotib Islamic Boarding School, identify the internal and external challenges encountered in the moral development process, and examine the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing moral development in the era of globalization. This research employed a qualitative approach with a field research design. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving the boarding school manager, administrators, female teachers (ustadzah), and students selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, while data credibility was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that students' moral development is implemented through religious habituation, exemplary behavior of caregivers and teachers, the enforcement of boarding school regulations, and continuous supervision of students' daily behavior. The study also reveals that differences in students' backgrounds, the influence of social media, digital technology, and peer interactions constitute significant challenges in the moral development process. Supporting factors include a religious environment, structured programs, and collaboration among boarding school personnel, whereas the main inhibiting factors are social media exposure, limited self-discipline, and peer influence. This study contributes to the development of Islamic education by providing a comprehensive understanding of students' moral development in the context of globalization and offers practical recommendations for strengthening moral education in Islamic boarding schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Qurrotul Aini, Zainal Arifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Guided Inquiry Learning and Students' Achievement in Islamic Religious Education: A Correlational Study in an Indonesian Islamic Junior High School
Guided Inquiry Learning has been widely recognized as a learner-centered instructional approach that promotes active knowledge construction, critical thinking, and meaningful learning. However, empirical evidence regarding its relationship with students' academic achievement in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) remains limited, particularly within Indonesian Islamic junior high schools. This study aimed to examine the relationship between Guided Inquiry Learning and students' examination-based achievement in Islamic Religious Education. A quantitative correlational design was employed involving 43 seventh-grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Boyolali Program Khusus, Indonesia, selected using total sampling. Data on Guided Inquiry Learning were collected through a 25-item validated and reliable questionnaire, while students' academic achievement was measured using official Islamic Religious Education examination scores. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, assumption testing, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. The findings revealed that Guided Inquiry Learning was not significantly associated with students' examination-based achievement (? = 0.088; t = 0.568; p = 0.573), explaining only 0.8% of the variance in academic achievement (R² = 0.008). These findings suggest that examination scores may not fully capture the broader educational outcomes fostered by Guided Inquiry Learning, such as critical thinking, conceptual understanding, inquiry skills, and reflective learning. The study contributes to the growing literature by extending Guided Inquiry research to the context of Islamic Religious Education through a correlational approach using examination-based academic achievement as the primary outcome measure. Future studies are encouraged to incorporate broader indicators of learning outcomes and more comprehensive analytical models to better understand the educational contributions of Guided Inquiry Learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Naufal Farras, Iffah Mukhlisah, Sugiyat Sugiyat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Comparative Study of Al-Farabi's and Immanuel Kant's Epistemology on Rationality
Rationality is a central theme uniting Islamic and Western philosophical traditions, although the two proceed from different metaphysical frameworks. This paper aims to comparatively examine the epistemology of Al-Farabi (d. 950 CE), known as the "Second Teacher" after Aristotle, and Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), the founder of critical philosophy, regarding the source and limits of human rationality. A qualitative-descriptive library research method with a philosophical comparative approach was used, drawing on primary translated texts and recent scholarship (Abbaszadeh, 2017; Masykur, 2025; P. Müürsepp et al., 2024). The findings show that Al-Farabi views rationality as a graded faculty of the soul that reaches perfection through emanation from the Active Intellect, situating reason within a hierarchical, metaphysically optimistic cosmos in which philosophy and religion converge on the same truth (Suleimenov, 2019; Zeraoui & Gonzalez Uresti, 2021). Kant, conversely, views rationality as the subject's own structuring activity, organizing experience through a priori forms and categories while critically confining theoretical reason to the realm of phenomena, leaving the noumenal realm beyond its reach (Anderson, 2022; Katrechko, 2023). Both place reason as the primary source of certainty not derived solely from sense experience, yet differ fundamentally in their metaphysical orientation: Al-Farabi's emanative-cosmic model versus Kant's critical-transcendental model. This comparison is expected to enrich contemporary Islamic epistemological discourse in dialogue with modern Western philosophy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Binti Khalimatuzzahro, Irham Multazam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Public Perceptions of Childfree in Modern Marriage Institutions
The childfree phenomenon has become a growing social issue in modern society, including in Indonesia. The decision of married couples not to have children has generated various public responses because it is often considered contrary to cultural values, religious teachings, and the traditional purpose of marriage. On the other hand, modernization and changing social perspectives have led some groups to view childfree as an individual right in determining family life. This study aims to analyze public perceptions of the childfree phenomenon within modern marriage institutions, identify the factors influencing societal acceptance and rejection, and examine the shifts in social values related to family institutions. This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The study was conducted as field research using interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. The informants consisted of community members, married couples, religious leaders, and community leaders. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that public perceptions of childfree are divided into two groups: those who accept and those who reject the phenomenon. The accepting group views childfree as a personal right of couples in determining their household life, while the rejecting group considers it inconsistent with cultural and religious norms. Furthermore, cultural, religious, economic, educational, and social media factors significantly influence public perceptions of childfree. This study contributes to understanding the transformation of marriage values in modern society, where marriage is increasingly oriented toward emotional fulfillment and quality of life rather than solely reproduction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Angga Putra, Kholidah Kholidah, Ikhwan Ikhwan, Zulfan Zulfan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Integration of The Two-Dimensional Pancasila and The Transcendental Values of The Qur’an as A Philosophical Roadmap Towards Golden Indonesia 2045
This research is motivated by the realisation that Indonesia is currently navigating a crucial phase on the path to ‘Golden Indonesia 2045’, a pivotal moment that demands not only material progress but also the strengthening of the nation’s ideology, morality and spirituality. Pancasila, as the philosophical foundation of the state, faces serious challenges in practice, where its values are often reduced to mere formal symbols lacking any real transformative power. In this context, the two-dimensional integration of Pancasila with the transcendental values of the Qur’an is viewed as urgent, serving as a philosophical roadmap to guide national development that is just, civilised, and dignified. Qur’anic values such as tawhid, justice, brotherhood, consultation, and trustworthiness provide an ethical-spiritual foundation that is in harmony with the principles of Pancasila, whilst also serving as a pillar in responding to the challenges of globalisation, technological disruption, and moral crisis. The research method employed is qualitative, utilising a library research approach, through the examination of primary and secondary literature comprising the Qur’an and relevant academic studies. Research findings indicate that the integration of the two-dimensional principles of Pancasila and the transcendental values of the Qur’an can strengthen national practice, making Pancasila not merely a political consensus, but also a robust ethical and spiritual guide. This philosophical roadmap guides national development towards Golden Indonesia 2045 so that it is not solely oriented towards economic growth, but also towards the formation of outstanding, just, principled, religious, and globally competitive Indonesian citizens.
Copyright (c) 2026 Linda Novianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Tradition of Ma Anta Do'a in the Celebration of the Prophet Muhammad's Birthday from the Perspective of Islamic Law Sociology in Ganggo Hilia Village, Bonjol District
The Ma Anta Do'a tradition is a local form of celebration of the Prophet's Birthday (Mawlid al-Nabi) practiced by the Muslim community in Ganggo Hilia Village, Bonjol District, Pasaman Regency. This tradition involves each family's obligation to bring a jamba (food dish) to the mosque and the restriction of women's entry after the procession. This study aims to analyze the implementation of this tradition from the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law. The study used a qualitative approach with field research, while data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that this tradition serves as a means of strengthening social solidarity, preserving local culture, and expressing love for the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). However, several practices within this tradition raise normative issues, particularly regarding the obligation to bring a jamba and the restriction of women from entering the mosque. From the perspective of Receptie Exit, customary practices must remain in line with Islamic law. Within the concept of 'urf, the obligation to bring a jamba can be categorized as 'urf sahih as long as it does not burden the community, while restricting women from entering the mosque has the potential to be 'urf fasid' because it contradicts the principle of justice in Islam. This research emphasizes the importance of reconstructing religious traditions while maintaining harmony between local culture and Islamic legal values.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pansil Eka Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Government Regulation Number 10 of 1983 in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 45 of 1990 on Divorce Permits for Government Employees with Employment Agreements (PPPK) in Religious Courts
Divorce for Government Employees with Employment Agreements (PPPK) often faces controversy regarding the requirement for a superior's permission letter, although this is not explicitly regulated in national legislation. This study aims to identify and analyze the existence of a superior's permission letter for PPPK in divorce cases and to analyze judges' perspectives on the application of this requirement at the Panyabungan Class II Religious Court. This study used qualitative methods with a field research approach. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with five judges (including Chief Justice Dr. Mirwan), court clerks, registration officers, and eighteen PPPK litigants. Secondary data were obtained from official documents such as Chief Justice's Decrees, service brochures, case summaries, and related regulations. Data analysis was conducted using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-drawing techniques, while data validity was ensured through source triangulation. The results indicate that court policy requires a superior's permission letter for PPPK at the registration stage as an administrative requirement. However, in court practice, the majority of judges do not consider this a barrier. Of the 18 PPPK cases from 2021 to September 11, 2025, only one case involved a judge actively requesting a permit. There is a sharp difference in the judges' perspectives between the analogy with civil servants and the principle of public welfare versus the principle of legality and the protection of individual civil rights. Normatively, a permit for PPPK is merely an internal administrative policy that is not binding as a legal or formal requirement for litigation. This finding reveals a lack of synchronization between policy and practice, as well as potential legal uncertainty. The study recommends the establishment of clear and uniform national regulations to balance the orderliness of civil servant administration with the right of access to justice for PPPK.
Copyright (c) 2026 Efri Refiman, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Sri Yunarti, Elimartati Elimartati, Nofialdi Nofialdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Continuity and Transformation of the Islamic Boarding School Education System: A Historical Study of Education in the Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258 M) and Its Relevance for Contemporary Islamic Education
This study aims to analyze the continuity and transformation of the Islamic boarding school (pesantren) education system through a historical study of Islamic education during the Abbasid Dynasty and to examine its relevance in the context of contemporary Islamic education. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research, integrating historical and analytical-critical approaches. Data were obtained from relevant primary and secondary literature, then analyzed using content analysis and interpretative techniques. The results show that the Abbasid education system has a fundamental role as the historical foundation of Islamic education, especially in the aspects of the integration of science, institutions, and intellectual traditions. In the context of Islamic boarding schools, there is continuity in aspects of learning methodology, scientific authority, and the use of classical texts, which are inherited through a process of adaptation and contextualization. On the other hand, Islamic boarding schools also experienced transformations in aspects of institutions, curriculum, and learning methods in response to the dynamics of modernity. The main findings of this study confirm that the relationship between continuity and transformation is dialectical, where both complement each other in forming a dynamic education system. The implications of this study demonstrate the importance of developing an integrative Islamic education model, balancing the preservation of tradition and innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Sayyidiman Hamidalloh, M. Syafrany Surya Permadi, Dafa Aqila Musyaffa, Mohammad Hakim Alfarisi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Critical Thinking-Based Learning on the Development of Critical Reasoning of Students at the An-Nur Banjarejo Islamic Boarding School, Blora Regency
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of critical thinking-based learning on the development of students’ critical reasoning skills in the learning of Hadith Arbain Nawawi at An Nur Islamic Boarding School, Banjarejo, Blora Regency. The study was motivated by the urgency of strengthening critical thinking skills in Islamic education amid contemporary educational challenges that require analytical, reflective, and argumentative competencies. This research employed a quantitative approach using a posttest-only control group design. The research sample consisted of 46 MTs-level students divided into an experimental class of 26 students and a control class of 20 students. Data collection was conducted through critical reasoning tests in the form of argumentative essays and HOTS-based case studies related to Hadith Arbain Nawawi materials. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene homogeneity test, and independent sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The findings revealed that the hypothesis test obtained a significance value of < 0.001 with a t-value of 4.453. These findings indicate a significant difference in critical reasoning skills between the experimental and control classes. This study concludes that critical thinking-based learning is effective in developing students’ analytical, argumentative, and reflective reasoning skills in the learning of Hadith Arbain Nawawi within the Islamic boarding school environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Habib Hidayat, A. Zaenurrosyid, Ahmad Muflihin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Customary Protection in the Event of Breach of Maintenance in Solok City as Community Based Enforcement To Paching the Justice Gap
This study aims to analyze legal protection for ex-wives due to default on post-divorce maintenance in Solok City using a local wisdom approach. The main issue raised is the weak execution of court decisions regarding iddah, mut'ah, and madliyah maintenance, and how Minangkabau customary mechanisms can address this gap. The research method used was qualitative field research. Data were collected through observation, review of decision documents, and in-depth interviews with ex-wives, Religious Court judges, and traditional leaders such as Ninik Mamak and Bundo Kanduang. The results indicate that the implementation of post-divorce maintenance in Solok City is not optimal. Many ex-wives do not file maintenance claims in order to expedite the divorce process, while existing decisions are often not executed by ex-husbands. Formal legal protection is available through instruments such as withholding of divorce certificates, but local wisdom-based protection through mediation by Ninik Mamak and the role of Bundo Kanduang has not been fully utilized. Key inhibiting factors include the ex-husband's low economic status, lack of legal awareness, and limited asset evidence during court proceedings. Conversely, the strength of formal legal structures and the customary values of "Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah" are key supporting factors in strengthening women's rights after divorce in Solok City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Musfa Hengki, Sri Yunarti, Farida Arianti, Zulkifli Zulkifli, Nofialdi Nofialdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Utilization Dynamics of High-Inherited Wealth in Minangkabau From the Perspective of Social Capital Theory and Social Action: A Case Study of Sungai Tarab District
The main problem in this research is to discuss the forms and dynamics of the utilization of high-ranking heirloom assets, the factors that encourage the community to utilize high-ranking heirloom assets, and the perspectives of traditional leaders on these dynamics in Sungai Tarab District, Tanah Datar Regency. The research method used is field research with a qualitative approach. Data sources in this study consist of primary and secondary sources. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The technique used to ensure data validity was triangulation of data sources. The results indicate that the utilization of high-ranking heirloom assets in Sungai Tarab is a form of instrumental rational social action, where management is carried out as a means to meet family needs, such as food, education costs, social and customary needs, and other economic needs. This utilization dynamic is driven by economic pressures and changes in social values that influence interaction patterns within the community. From a social capital perspective, the utilization of high-ranking heirloom assets reflects a shift in the function of trust bonds and networks among community members, where the weakening of customary oversight has led to the strengthening of individual interests over collective ones. However, according to Minangkabau custom, this use remains permissible as long as it does not diminish collective ownership of the clan, is carried out through deliberation as a manifestation of healthy social capital, and remains within the framework of the ganggam bauntuak concept.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vidi Rifardo, Nofialdi Nofialdi, Ulya Atsani, Elimartati Elimartati, Sri Yunarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0